7-45) was probably also the brainchild of Apollodorus of Damascus. Cupid was the goddess's son.ĬOLUMN OF TRAJAN The Column of Trajan (FIG. Caesar's family, the Julians, traced their ancestry back to Venus. The reliefs on his cuirass advertise an important diplomatic victory-the return of the Roman military standards the Parthians had captured from a Republican general-and the Cupid at Augus- tus's feet proclaims his divine descent. Augustus is not nude, however, and the details of the statue carry political mes- sages. Augustus's head, although depicting a recognizable individual, also emulates the idealized Polykleitan youth's head in its overall shape, the sharp ridges of the brows, and the tight cap of layered hair. 5-40) but with his right arm raised to address his troops in the manner of the orator Aule Metele (FIG. 7-20) portrays Augustus as general, standing like Polykleitos's Dorypho- ros (FIG. 7-27) of the emperor found at his wife Livia's villa at Primaporta (FIG. But the Aegean fresco's white sky and red, yellow, and blue rock formations do not create a successful illu- sion of a world filled with air and light just a few steps away.ĪUGUSTUS AS GENERAL The portraits of Augustus de- pict him in his many different roles in the Roman state (see "Role Playing in Roman Portraiture," page 198), but the models for many of them were Classical Greek statues. 4-9) from Thera offers a similar wrap- around view of nature. Among the wall paintings examined so far, only the landscape fresco (FIG. At Pri-maporta, the artist precisely paintedthe fence, trees, and birds in theforeground, whereas the details ofthe dense foliage in the backgroundare indistinct. To suggest re-cession, the painter mastered an-other kind of perspective, atmo-spheric perspective, indicating depthby the increasingly blurred appear-ance of objects in the distance (see"Linear and Atmospheric Perspec-tive," Chapter 21, page 567). The only archi-tectural element is the flimsy fenceof the garden itself. There, imperial painters decoratedall the walls of a vaulted room withlush gardenscapes. 7-20) comes from the villa of the emperor Au- gustus's wife Livia (FIG. The ultimate example of a Second Style picture- window mural (FIG.
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